Lindsey, Charles. “To the Shores of Tripolitania .” Hoover Digest, 2011 No. 4.

Shachtman, Tom. “Men with a Mission.” Hoover Digest, 2011 No. 1.

Boller, Felix. Unterwegs zur Moderne: Industrialisierung bis Imperialisumus. Buchs, Switzerland: Lehrmittel de Internkantonalen Lehrmittel zentrale, 2006.

Gilbert and Reynolds, eds. Africa in World History, 2d ed. Peason Education, 2007.