Abstract: Submarine fiber optic cables carry 99 percent of all transoceanic digital communication. The 2022 attack on the Nord Stream pipeline and other recent developments have highlighted the vulnerability of undersea critical infrastructure. This paper examines two different legal regimes—the law of the sea and the law on the use of force—to ascertain the extent to which each applies to damage caused by states to submarine cables during peacetime.
Intentional Damage to Submarine Cable Systems by States by Hoover Institution on Scribd
