Published: September 24, 2020
Britain’s conversion to free trade in the nineteenth century allowed the nation to become the workplace of the world. When tariffs were high, consumers turned to the black market to buy cheaper goods. However, once the British Parliament embraced free trade, the economy expanded and standards of living improved.
Discussion Questions
Additional Resources:
When Adam Smith published the Wealth of Nations, Britain was still a largely rural and placid place.
But the Industrial revolution was already getting started, and standards of life were beginning to rise.
One obstacle was that trade with other nations was still tightly controlled.
Merchants in the home market had persuaded the government of the day to impose heavy duties and taxes on all foreign imports, in order to insure themselves a protected market.
One of the results was to turn Britain into a nation of lawbreakers.
Smuggling was a national pastime: brandy, wines, tobacco, anything with a heavy customs duty on it.
In 1846, after years of argument and partial success, the followers of Adam Smith finally persuaded the British Parliament to remove all duties on goods imported from abroad.
Britain embarked on complete free trade, giving a further push to the rising standard of life.
Free trade enabled Britain to become the workplace of the world.
Essays
米国とその同盟国は、重要な原材料、製品、およ び技術が、中国との戦略的競争の核心にあるとい う点で概ね一致している。しかし、経済的な重要度 （クリティカリティ）を定義し、どの資源、技術、製品 が他よりも重要であるかを評価するための、強固で 共通の枠組みを有していない。重要度をめぐる議 論は、抽象的なリスクに終始することが多い。政策 立案者たちは、どの依存関係が武器化される可能 性が最も高いか、世界経済や第三国が武器化に どう適応するか、そして重要な依存関係を事前に 「是正」するためにどれほどのコストがかかるか、と いった点を十分に検討することなく、性急に行動 に移そうとしている。
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