The Hoover Institution and CISAC have joined forces to address whether information systems may be protected more effectively through international cooperation than efforts by individual states presently permit.

Throughout the cold war the world's national security leadership was preoccupied with the threat of a nuclear holocaust and worked to reduce nuclear danger.At the same time, largely unnoticed, more and more nations were acquiring the ability to produce biological and chemical weapons (BCWs), and many proceeded to do so.