What if humanity's capacity for cruelty was actually one of our greatest moral achievements? That's just one of the provocative ideas philosopher Hanno Sauer explores in this conversation about his book, The Invention of Good and Evil, with EconTalk's Russ Roberts. Sauer tackles a fundamental puzzle: in a Darwinian world of selfish genes, how did humans become so extraordinarily cooperative? Sauer traces a fascinating journey from small hunter-gatherer bands to modern civilizations, revealing surprising mechanisms along the way - including the systematic killing of the most aggressive tribe members over millennia, which made humans the "golden retrievers of the primate kingdom." The conversation ranges from whether agriculture was history's worst mistake, to a spirited debate about religion and morality between Sauer (a German atheist who doesn't know any believers) and host Russ Roberts (a person of faith living in Israel). 

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER

Hanno Sauer is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at the Department of Philosophy & Religious Studies at Utrecht University. He teaches ethics, metaethics and political philosophy.

He is a member of the Ethics Institute and is currently the Principal Investigator in the ERC-funded research project, The Enemy of the Good: Towards a Theory of Moral Progress, which develops systematic account of moral change and progress.

Hanno Sauer has written books on the psychological foundations of moral cognition and the nature of moral progress, and the history of human morality. His latest book is The Invention of Good and Evil: The World History of Morality (Oxford University Press, 2024).

Visit Hanno Sauer's Website

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